Do I Need Probate in Indiana?

The honest dividing line usually isn't the $100,000 figure at all — it's whether there's a house, since the small estate affidavit can never reach it.

IC 29-1-8-1, 29-1-7.5

Quick answer: if the gross probate estate is at or under $100,000 and 45 days have passed, the small estate affidavit likely covers the personal property. If real estate titled solely in the decedent's name is involved, expect either administration or a title affidavit for that piece specifically. Check your own numbers with the Indiana small estate checker.

The question that actually matters: is there a house?

Indiana's small estate affidavit is deliberately narrow — it reaches personal property only, at any value, and never real estate, at any value either. A house titled solely in the decedent's name never factors into the $100,000 calculation, and it can't be transferred by the affidavit. That means an estate with a modest bank account and a paid-off home — which many families would call "small" — still needs a separate path to clear the real estate's title.

Two very different routes for the house

Depending on the situation, the house moves either through an opened estate (unsupervised or supervised administration), with a personal representative's deed, or through an IC 29-1-7-23 title affidavit recorded with the county recorder as prima facie evidence of the passage of title — a lighter option when full administration isn't otherwise needed.

Unsupervised administration isn't just for small estates

Worth knowing: Indiana's unsupervised administration is available for solvent estates of any size where heirs cooperate and the will permits it — not just those near the small estate threshold. It typically runs 5 to 9 months, compared to 9 to 18 months or longer for supervised administration.

What skips probate before the threshold question even matters

Regardless of a will, a dispute, or the estate's value, certain assets never enter probate: property jointly held with survivorship rights, payable-on-death or transfer-on-death accounts and deeds, life insurance and retirement accounts with a living named beneficiary, and anything already titled in a trust.

The decision, in order

  1. Is there real estate titled solely in the decedent's name? If yes — administration or an IC 29-1-7-23 title affidavit is needed for that piece regardless of personal property value.
  2. No real estate complication: is the gross probate estate at or under $100,000, and has 45 days passed? If yes — the small estate affidavit.
  3. Above the limit — unsupervised administration if heirs cooperate and the estate is solvent, otherwise supervised administration.
Facing probate in Indiana?

A local probate attorney can review your estate — many offer a free consultation.

Talk to an Indiana attorney

Whichever tier applies, filing happens at the court of the decedent's home county — Marion, Allen, Lake, Hamilton, and the rest of Indiana's 92 counties follow the same statutory thresholds and the same flat $177 filing fee.

Do I need probate — frequently asked questions

Does owning a house always mean Indiana requires probate?

Effectively yes, if titled solely in the decedent's name — Indiana's small estate affidavit never reaches real property, so the house needs either administration or an IC 29-1-7-23 title affidavit, regardless of how modest the rest of the estate is.

What assets skip Indiana probate regardless of estate size?

Jointly held property with survivorship rights, payable-on-death and transfer-on-death accounts and deeds, life insurance and retirement accounts with a named beneficiary, and trust assets pass directly to the surviving owner or beneficiary outside of probate.

Is unsupervised administration available even for larger Indiana estates?

Yes — it isn't limited to small estates. Any solvent estate where heirs cooperate and the will permits it can typically use unsupervised administration, which is considerably faster and cheaper than the supervised alternative regardless of size.

How long does Indiana probate typically take above the small estate threshold?

Unsupervised administration typically takes 5 to 9 months; supervised administration usually takes 9 to 18 months or longer, with a mandatory 3-month creditor claim period from first publication in either case.

This page provides general guidance only and is not legal advice. Based on IC 29-1-8-1 and IC 29-1-7.5. Actual requirements depend on the estate's full facts. Confirm with the Superior/Circuit Court or a licensed Indiana attorney before acting.