Arizona's Three Probate Tracks, Compared

Informal, formal, and supervised — the classic Uniform Probate Code structure, with genuinely different timelines depending on which one applies.

A.R.S. § 14-3301 et seq.

Quick answer: most Arizona estates use informal probate, the fast, registrar-reviewed default. Formal probate kicks in when something is contested, adding a judge and typically 1–2 years. Supervised probate is the rare, most court-intensive track. See how this affects your own estimate in the Arizona probate timeline calculator.

Side by side

InformalFormalSupervised
Reviewed byCourt registrarJudge, at a hearingJudge, ongoing
Used whenNothing is disputedSomething is contested or unclearCourt oversight specifically needed
Court oversees distributionsNoNot automaticallyYes, throughout
Typical timeline6–12 months1–2 yearsCan run several years

Why informal is the default choice

A.R.S. § 14-3301 to § 14-3311: informal probate lets a court registrar — not a judge — review the application and appoint the personal representative, without a hearing, when there's no dispute over the will's validity or who has the right to serve. This is faster and cheaper than involving a judge, which is why the large majority of undisputed Arizona estates use it.

What pushes a case into formal probate

Formal probate becomes necessary — or is specifically requested — when something informal review can't resolve: a will contest, a dispute over who has priority to serve as personal representative, or genuine ambiguity in the will's language. Because it requires an actual court hearing before a judge rather than registrar review, formal probate routinely takes a year or more even when the underlying dispute itself isn't especially complicated.

Why supervised probate is rare

Supervised probate isn't triggered by a dispute the way formal probate is — it's a specific request for the court to actively oversee distributions throughout the administration, not just review the initial appointment. Because it adds ongoing court involvement to every step rather than a one-time review, it's reserved for situations where that level of oversight is specifically warranted, and contested supervised cases can run several years.

Facing probate in Arizona?

A local probate attorney can review your estate — many offer a free consultation.

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Arizona's three tracks — frequently asked questions

What is informal probate in Arizona?

The default, lowest-cost track, governed by A.R.S. § 14-3301 to § 14-3311, where a court registrar (not a judge) reviews the application and appoints the personal representative, used when there's no dispute over the will's validity or who should serve.

What is formal probate in Arizona?

A judge-presided process used when something is disputed or unclear — a will contest, a question about who has priority to serve, or an ambiguous provision. It involves a court hearing rather than registrar review, and typically takes considerably longer than informal probate.

What is supervised probate in Arizona?

The most court-intensive track, rarely used, where the court actively oversees distributions from the estate throughout the administration rather than just at appointment. It's reserved for situations where ongoing court supervision is specifically needed or ordered.

Can an Arizona probate switch from informal to formal partway through?

Yes — this is a common way a case ends up taking much longer than expected. If a dispute arises after informal probate has started, an interested party can petition to move the matter to the formal, judge-presided track.

Estimate for general guidance only, not legal advice. Based on A.R.S. Title 14. Which track fits a specific estate depends on its own facts. Consult a licensed Arizona attorney before choosing.