Do I Need Probate in Colorado?

The generous $88,000 limit answers the easy cases quickly — the real dividing line for most families is simply whether the decedent owned a house.

C.R.S. §15-12-1201, 15-12-501

Quick answer: if personal property is at or under $88,000 and 10 days have passed, the small estate affidavit likely covers it. If real estate titled solely in the decedent's name is involved, probate (usually unsupervised) is needed regardless of the personal property total. Check your own numbers with the Colorado small estate checker.

The question that actually matters: is there a house?

Colorado's small estate affidavit is deliberately narrow — it reaches personal property only, at any value under the cap, and never real estate at all. A house titled solely in the decedent's name never factors into the $88,000 calculation, and it can't be transferred by the affidavit. That means an estate with a modest bank account and a paid-off home — which many families would call "small" — still needs probate or a beneficiary deed recorded before death to clear the real estate's title.

Above the threshold, unsupervised administration is still light

Worth knowing before assuming the worst: unsupervised administration is the Colorado default, letting the personal representative administer the estate — including selling real estate — without ongoing court supervision for routine matters. Supervised administration (C.R.S. 15-12-501), requiring court approval for certain actions, is reserved for estates specifically needing that extra protection.

What skips probate before the threshold question even matters

Regardless of a will, a dispute, or the estate's value, certain assets never enter probate: property jointly held, assets already in a living trust, life insurance proceeds, retirement accounts with a named beneficiary, and payable-on-death accounts.

The decision, in order

  1. Is there real estate titled solely in the decedent's name? If yes — probate (likely unsupervised) or a pre-arranged beneficiary deed is needed for that piece.
  2. No real estate complication: is personal property at or under $88,000, and has 10 days passed? If yes — the small estate affidavit.
  3. Above the limit — unsupervised administration if uncontested, formal or supervised administration otherwise.
Facing probate in Colorado?

A local probate attorney can review your estate — many offer a free consultation.

Talk to a Colorado attorney

Whichever tier applies, filing happens at the District Court of the decedent's home county — except Denver, which has its own dedicated Denver Probate Court — following the same statutory thresholds statewide.

Do I need probate — frequently asked questions

Does owning any real estate always mean Colorado requires probate?

Effectively yes, if titled solely in the decedent's name — the small estate affidavit never reaches real property, so a house needs either probate or a beneficiary deed recorded before death, regardless of how modest the rest of the estate is.

What assets skip Colorado probate regardless of estate size?

Jointly held property, assets in a living trust, life insurance proceeds, retirement accounts with named beneficiaries, and payable-on-death accounts don't count toward the probate threshold and pass outside of probate entirely.

Is Colorado probate itself especially burdensome if the estate is too large for the affidavit?

Often not, compared to many states — unsupervised administration is the Colorado default, letting the personal representative administer the estate independently, including selling real estate, without ongoing court supervision for routine matters.

How long does Colorado probate typically take above the small estate threshold?

Informal probate typically closes in 6 to 12 months, though all cases — informal and formal — must remain open for a minimum of 6 months to allow the creditor claim period to run.

This page provides general guidance only and is not legal advice. Based on C.R.S. §15-12-1201 and 15-12-501. Actual requirements depend on the estate's full facts. Confirm with the District Court Probate Division or a licensed Colorado attorney before acting.